This is equivalent to about 14 pounds per square inch, meaning that, at any given moment, Earth’s atmosphere is pushing on each square inch your body with 14 pounds of pressure. This amount is defined as 1 atm of pressure and is equal to 101325 pascals.
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Historically, standard atmospheric pressure is defined as the amount of pressure required to lift a column of mercury in a barometer 760 mm high. Changes in atmospheric pressure result in a change in the height of the liquid in the tube.Īn old mercury barometer. The exact height of the liquid in the tube depends on the density of the liquid. Earth’s atmosphere pushes on the surface of the liquid in the open reservoir, forcing liquid up the tube a certain height. The first barometers consisted of a vertical glass tube filled with some liquid (usually water or mercury) inverted over a liquid container open to the atmosphere. The atmospheric or Earth and other planets is determined by the planet’s mass, radius, and composition of the atmosphere.Ītmospheric pressure can be measured by a device called a barometer. The atmospheric pressure is a result of the gravitational attraction of Earth on gases above its surface. Most uses of the concept of pressure are related to atmospheric pressure-the pressure exerted on the surface of the Earth by the weight of Earth’s atmosphere. There are several different kinds of pressure but all of them are expressed in terms of a perpendicular force exerted over some area. Likewise, a large force can exert a small pressure if that force is distributed over a large surface area. Turning the knife on its sharp edge makes it more effective at cutting as the applied force is concentrated over a smaller area. If you tried to cut with the flat edge of a knife it will not be very effective. The same principle is behind the operation of a knife. Concentrating the same force over a smaller area results in an increase in pressure.
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However, pushing with the same force while using a thumbtack can punch through the wall as the force is concentrated into the point of the thumbtack. Pushing on a wall with your finger will not dent or leave a mark in the wall. First, we can see that the magnitude of pressure is inversely proportional to the area over which the force is distributed. With this simple example, we can immediately determine a few things about how pressure works. The molecules exert more force per unit area so the pressure increases. Shrinking the container smaller would increase the pressure, as the gas would have less space to move and it would hit the container walls more. If we put the gas in a container, we would detect an ambient pressure from the gas, caused by molecular collisions with the walls of the container. Although it does not appear to be moving, the gas is made up of billions and billions of tiny particles in random motion. At its base, pressure is the force that one substance exerts on another substance per unit of area.Īs an example, say we have a static cloud of gas. Unlike vectors like force, acceleration, or velocity that have both a magnitude and direction, pressure is a scalar quantity and only has a magnitude. In its most basic terms, pressure is mathematically defined as the magnitude of a force exerted perpendicular to a surface divided by the total surface area: Pressure in the context of physics and chemistry is the force exerted on a surface per unit area of that surface. To convert from atm to pascals, just multiply by 101325, and divide by 101325 to convert from pascals to atm: Torr can be converted into pascals by multiplying by 133.322 and pascals into torr by dividing by 133.322. Both torrs and atms can be converted into pascals. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal and is defined as a pressure equal to 1 newton of force per 1 square meter. Neither the torr nor the atm is an SI unit of pressure. In general:įor example, 1432 torr is equivalent to 1.88 atm, and 4.6 atm is equal to 3,496 torr. Likewise, in order to convert from atm to torr, just multiply by 760. Converting from torr to atmosphere is as simple as dividing the pressure value by 760.
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One torr is exactly equal to 1/760 atm of pressure. Both the torr and atmosphere (atm) are units of pressure.